No need to be anything more than concerned. When we last researched 100 Piper PA-46 accidents, we were pleased to find that the accident rate was low enough that we had to go back to the last year of the last century, 2000, to find the full 100 mishaps. In the meantime, I plan on staying up on corrosion, spars, AD's, safety bulletins and anything else I can find. View photos, ownership, registration history, and more. Regarding your comment about "as long as i do maintenance". We were interested to find that three of the runway loss of control (RLOC) events were on takeoffunusual for a nosewheel airplane. By any measure, the big Pipers pressurization system is several times more useable than that of the P210 and even some twins, including the aforementioned 340. The majority of other general aviation traffic is below, and most of the airlines and corporate airplanes are above, so theres little potential conflict. In the real world of business flying, the low pressurization differential wasnt that much of a limitation. Stay healthy, stay safe, fly alot! Its also a good IFR airplane thanks to sturdy handling thats more SUV-like than sports car, plus it just looks sexy on the ramp. Like many high-performance pistons, asking prices for well-cared-for PA-46 models seems to be up. Arsli- We seem to be in the same place mentally. 27 de fevereiro de 2023 | usssa baseball tournaments 2022. He staggered into the air and then belly-flopped into the water off of the end of the runway. It has always been hangared and pampered. We saw no indication that PA-46s are more allergic to ice than any other airplanes, but a pilot who didnt remove the snow from his wings barely staggered off of a 4500-foot runway before crashing into gently rising terrain. Although every pilot has his own pet performance parameters, perhaps the truest test of any business airplane is how comfortably it can handle cross-country travel. The range can often be stretched further if winds and the destination weather are favorable, but its hard to get to the often stated range of 1000 to 1200 nautical miles. LYCOMING. The Piper PA-44 Seminole is an American twin-engined light aircraft manufactured by Piper Aircraft. As a long time owner of a PA-28 I find this AD to be more about liability. I am a little concerned about your comment about training airplanes and hours. Get it up high and the airplane can do an honest 200 knots in pressurized comfort (the simpler Matrix is non-pressurized). That was also the case with gear collapse incidents, almost all of which were more than 10 years ago. Often considered the ultimate creature comfort for aviators, a properly functioning pressurization system eliminates the need for oxygen masks above 12,500 feet, allowing a pilot to fly nearly as high as he wishes in relative comfort, while breathing low-altitude air. The Mirage also got some big-airplane-type features that owners appreciate, including a dual-bus electrical system, internal windshield deice, standard dual alternators and vacuum pumps and an auxiliary heater for the cabin. . Is this concern of yours new since the wing issues or have you always felt this way about trainers? Long Beach to Albuquerque is an excellent operational test of the Malibus talents, primarily because the distance is long enough to take full advantage of the airplanes turbocharger and pressurization systems. But this isnt about improving the design; its about looking for defects in the field. Such are the comparative costs and pleasures of pressurized singles. Search 1000's of Aircraft listings updated daily from 100's of dealers & private sellers. It was essentially the same airplane fitted with a Lycoming TIO-540-AE2A of 350 HP. The power setting and leaning would have to be right. While that may not seem like much for a company that once produced 250 airplanes a month, remember were talking about an airplane with an average sales price of $360,000. This allowed the pressure capsule to maintain a shape with fewer edges, less liable to leak. Contents While its true theyd still be there for the trip home, I had the option of selecting a lower altitude to minimize the speed loss. This listing was posted on Dec 17, 2022. Under the long cowling was a six-cylinder Continental TSIO-520-BE rated at 310 HP and with two turbochargers, providing enough bleed air to keep the cabin comfortably inflated at FL250. 2,000. Your plan is logical and sound. Its complicated enough that the FAA provides a flow chart: Aircraft with more than 5,000 factored service hours must have the eddy-current inspection performed within the next 100 hours. The most recent AD calls for inspections of the lower spar caps at the bolted joint to the carry-through structure inside the cabin for aircraft with more than 5,000 hours time in service and applies to more than 5,400 aircraft. Cheyenne III, model PA-42, equipped with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6-41 engines; (Globe Aero, the worlds largest general aviation delivery company in Florida, regularly delivered Malibus to Europe without ferry tanks installed. According to the FAA, Because airplanes used in training and other high-load environments are typically operated for hire and have inspection programs that require 100-hour inspections, the FAA determined the number of 100-hour inspections an airplane has undergone would be the best indicator of the airplanes usage history. Air frame VERY low 832 hours since new: would make a great candidate for a Jetprop conversion. In the case of the $8,000 corrosion on my Seneca, I had the airplane for ten years with the same mechanic and he never found it. Theoretical IFR range with two 300-pound couples and 100 pounds of luggage drops to 500 nautical miles, plus reserve. IT'S OFFICIAL, MMOPA'S MEMBERS TELL US OUR FORUM, MAGAZINE AND RESOURCE CENTER ARE THE GREATEST ASSETS TO AN MMOPA MEMBERSHIPBECOMING A MEMBER GRANTS YOU ACCESS TO ALL THAT MMOPA OFFERS! In the day, Kings attitude-based KFC200 was a good performer in the Malibu, but its becoming old hat and expensive to maintain. As our recent owner feedback shows, many Malibu and Mirage owners have held on to their aircraft for many years. M500; M350; Archer LX; Archer DLX; Trainer. Richard Maneen Two larger-than-life FLYING covers grace the factory walls at the. In fact, it is arguably easier since there's no mixture to deal with. It's all easy to do. As far as I know, there is no FAA imposed life limit on airframes certified under CAR 3 (like Cessnas, Pipers, and Beechcraft). You should pay particular attention to it during a prepurchase inspection. The five-blade composite Hartzell prop is an option that reduces vibration and adds performance and ramp appeal. Props. Weve done it in a rapid descent. Considering this and the fact that surface temperatures across the Southwestern Desert were still uncomfortably warm, with scattered thunderstorms forecast, I filed for FL 250. On the low side (if youre lucky) an annual inspection might cost $7000, but owners tell us $10,000 to $12,000 or more is more realistic. The hydraulics also ran the flaps on early models. Its true that the 340 offers an extra engine for safety, but most Malibus are equipped with dual vacuum pumps and alternators so system redundancy is almost the same. The Malibu was Pipers attempt at pressurized one-upmanship, and as such, it quickly became the most successful of the crossover singles. . Engine 1 Make/Model. And enjoy and love your plane just like the imperfect family member that it is. 4,100. But owners really like their airplanes. But it will comfortably carry four people and baggage with full tanks, yielding a nonstop range of about 1400 miles for the Malibu and 1000 to 1200 miles for the Mirage. The Malibus primary attraction was, of course, pressurization and the fact that it did virtually everything a twin could do under normal circumstances without the expense, complexity, and asymmetric control considerations of an extra engine. Freedom of Flight. Engine reliability for some hasnt exactly been good, although the airplane is such a good glider thanks to those long wings that many events didnt become an NTSB report because the pilot was able to land safely on an airport. Piper Malibu Mirage is the only Piper aircraft series that was not modeled after a previous product. Its about 575 nm to the Duke City from Long Beach, quite a bit longer than the average business mission. Hi and thanks for writing, Scott. With a Hartzell or MT four-blade reversing propeller, landing distance is reduced to nearly 1000 feet. Aircraft.com is the leading registry for planes, jets, and helicopters. Call us for additional information or to make an offer! The complex nosegear, which rotates 90 degrees to fit into its bay, proved delicate. This AD requires calculating the factored service hours for each main wing spar to determine when an inspection is required, inspecting the lower main wing spar bolt holes for cracks, and replacing any cracked main wing spar. In short, the inspection portion of the AD applies when any given airplane has accumulated more than 5,000 factored service hours, a determination that had to be made within 30 days of the ADs implementation by reviewing the logbooks and counting the number of 100-hour inspections determined to be associated with flight-training use. Unconditional love, lol. A third-party browser plugin, such as Ghostery or NoScript, is preventing JavaScript from running. Piper PA46 Malibu Mirage Aircraft For Sale - Search AeroClassifieds to view all Piper PA46 Malibu Mirage aircraft for sale by owners and brokers Compare 0 Home Page To illustrate just what a pressurized cabin can do behind a single engine, I took a short trip in an 87 model Malibu and contrasted that with the same trip in a Cessna 340, about the least expensive pressurized twin readily available on the used market. One of the updates was requiring airframe life limits. There isnt anything particularly difficult about landing a PA-46, but the long wing encourages floating and when lightly loaded, the CG is forward. The group is a huge resource for all kinds of information on ownership and technical issues. (Actually, some of the later Malibu models got the electric flaps and improved hydraulics for the gear.). Singles also have a natural advantage over twins when it comes to range. The AD is effective on Feb. 16, 2021, and affects PA-28 and PA-32 aircraft from the PA-28-151 Warrior up to the PA-32RT Saratoga. The CABIN PRESS controller must be rotated to 1000 feet above the departure or destination airport elevation, in my case to 6200 feet for Albuquerque. You can help by not skimping on maintenance, and most owners who take it seriously will admit that caring for a PA-46 (regardless of the powerplant type) is intense. Owners of early Mirages suffered through Lycomings massive crankshaft recall of 2002 and 2003 and weeks to months of downtime. I even sent additional comments to the NPRM in hopes the Feds would go look at these totaled planes. Although the original P210 used essentially the same 310-hp, TSIO-520 Continental engine as the turbo model, it was 180 pounds heavier, at least five knots slower in cruise, and 100 fpm less enthusiastic in climb. 2008 PIPER MALIBU MATRIX Piston Single Aircraft Price: USD $599,900 Payments as low as USD $3,833.36 / monthly* Aircraft Location: Lexington, Kentucky Serial Number: 4692028 Registration #: N262CW Total Time: 2,379 Number of Seats: 6 Engine Notes: 685 Hours SMOH Airframe Notes: 2379 Hours SNEW BUT, i have been watching and researching this mess since the NPRM was first issued. No worries. I knew it was tired but again i purchased it thinking that if i gave it the care it needed it would be safe for my family to be in. Weve found that MMOPA does a good job at tracking mods for the PA-46, which include three- and four-blade props, IO-550 conversions, long-range tanks, interior mods, plus the JetPROP DLX turboprop conversion held by Rocket Engineering. Piper Malibu Mirage. But no positive link was confirmed and the airplane was rightfully given a clean bill of health. Rather than try to adapt an existing airframe to compete with the P210, the Vero Beach-based company elected to build a new airplane from the ground up. K-Ice, A/C, Radar, King Dig w/ KFC150 Sys, Needs Annual Insp & a Prop Overhaul. Again, some of these mods appeared on later Malibus. You're a power user moving through this website with super-human speed. These airplanesno matter the vintageare far from inexpensive to own and operate, and insurance companies know that they are unforgiving in the hands of pilots who dont take training seriously. Preferred's inventory includes over 150,000 part numbers of new surplus aircraft parts. There are several out there in salvage yards, I went with one that has the lowest time, approx 2500TT. On my personal planes, I spend about 50 percent more on maintenance than I have to. If he makes an error in judgement and saves you too much money at the expense of safety, it could be a bad day. With 120 gallons on board, I have a payload of 490 pounds. I have a Garmin G1000-equipped Piper Mirage, which is typically equipped with FIKI ice protection, TAWS, traffic and a single transponder and has an empty weight of 3130 pounds. jim martin death couples massage class san diego beaver falls football piper m350 fuel burn. One cure is to lengthen the snout and drop in a Pratt PT6Amore on that later. Access Free Piper Aircraft Maintenance Manuals Pdf Free Copy . Engines / Mods / Prop Engine: Lycoming TIO-540 . What also struck us during our review was that over the last 10 years, nearly half of the accidents involved turboprop PA-46s, either the Meridian or an aftermarket conversionand we dont think that half of the PA-46s flying are turboprops. Continental thus specified operating requirements for the engine that were unusual at the time, specifically lean-of-peak EGT operation. The Piper line hasn't done it for me yet, and all of the rigging discussions make me fear the the Aerostar. Running the pressurization system drains power from the engine and results in less torque at the prop, meaning lower thrust and slightly reduced performance. So, I know nothing is 100 percent, but you agree then that no matter what the flight time is, if you do all of the mx that is needed, then your safety threshold should remain consistent with a low time airplane correct? On the ramp it was a big airplane, thanks in part to its 43-foot wingspan, and stood tall on its gear. Even ardent supporters of the airplane admit that it requires frequent and ongoing maintenance. 25 Feb/23. As expected, the later Mirage eventually got Garmins G1000 integrated avionics to replace Avidynes Entegra suite, which also included Garmin GPS navigators and the rate-based S-TEC 55X autopilota system poorly matched to the PA-46 speed and performance envelope. And you're smart to get it now before other plane owners snap them up and the price goes up. Engine Manufacturer. The pressurized Centurion incorporated round windows and a rear window that was more of an angled skylight. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); WORLD'S PREMIER INDEPENDENT AVIATION NEWS RESOURCE. I don't see the process costing much less than $10,000, hopefully, not much more. Still, PA-46 ownership isnt for everyone. One place its not at home is taking off from short runways. Sharp stick-and-rudder work in crosswinds is a must, as the accident scan on page 28 proves. Reflector Series Many simply closed their doors. All rights reserved. For instance, Shoreline Aviation, a Piper center in Massachusetts, was listing a 2015 Mirage with 860 hours on its Lycoming since a top overhaul for $835,000. Our most recent survey of accidents showed that 21 percent were engine-relateda pattern thats consistent. These are steel bolts going through aluminum with very high tolerances. Business travelers arent big fans of oxygen, either. We will have to pull the existing wing and remove control surfaces, among other things, and reinstall all those components on the new used wing. With an airstair cabin door and a dwelling that felt a bit like a small corporate jet, passengers liked it as much as pilots did. Piper recommends life limited parts with no time and/or cycles remaining be completely destroyed. There are a few reasons this might happen: To regain access, please make sure that cookies and JavaScript are enabled before reloading the page. The Piper Malibu was first available for purchase in 1984, and initial sales were strong as compared to other aircraft manufacturers. In our view, youll play it safe by figuring youll fly away paying closer to $10,000 for a thorough inspection, if youve been addressing minor routine squawks along the way. 2010 PIPER MALIBU MIRAGE For Sale in Camdenton, Missouri at Controller.com. [2] [3] The Seminole was built in 1979-1982, in 1989-1990, and has been in production since 1995. Engine Serial Number. Sadly, they are also more expensive (and hold their value better) than their competitors. 2.) You are correct. The combination of good fuel specifics, big fuel tanks, and clean aerodynamics gives the Malibu the distinction as the longest-ranged production single in the world. Thats mostly true, but these airplanes dont have standup cabins. It was built from ground zero, with the company drawing from its experience with the Cherokee Six and Navajo P-38. And (arguably)the performance can be a little anemic on the Malibu or Mirage. The Malibu is not an airplane that just any shop can fix and we dont recommend bringing one to a shop without PA-46 experience. The suit was settled after the court failed to certify the class. Of the four accidents, only one involved fuel exhaustion. Do you want to be the first guy for whom the FAA says, Oops, when your plane falls out of the sky because they guessed wrong or ignored the advice of the manufacturer, engineers and countless A&Ps? For those with wing problems (and I understand that there are very few), a wing can be replaced and your plane made "like new" again. Here's why: 1.) The test is said to cost just more than $1,000 per aircraft, though a wing-spar replacement is estimated at more than $12,000 each wing. Older Malibus might have a variety of retrofit gear. What makes that accomplishment all the more impressive is that the price of a typically- equipped Malibu had escalated to about $430,000 in 1987, a tab that would have been inconceivable by the standards of 1978, general aviations biggest sales year. Balloons And Runway Calamities: Why Wait To Panic? Business. tornado alley turbo baronred gomphrena globosa magical properties 27 februari, 2023 / i beer fermentation stages / av / i beer fermentation stages / av Our impression is that theyre about the same and that any owner contemplating buying a PA-46 should simply budget a pile of cash for annual maintenance and fix stuff as it breaks. Piper Delivers 100th Pilot 100i to Paragon Flight Training January 30, 2023 You may view this service information at the FAA, Airworthiness Products Section, Operational Safety Branch, 901 Locust, Kansas City, Missouri 64106. Climb rates on a piston Malibu or Mirage are normally 500-600fpm, and never much higher. Sure, many have been plowed up for houses or 2023 Aviation Publishing Group. Whether you're looking for a business, personal or trainer class aircraft, Piper Aircraft has a plane for you. The long wings produce another undesirable trait: The roll rate at slow speeds is somewhat ponderous compared to other singles. In 1986, some 50 of them signed up for Malibus, bringing total production since 83 to nearly 250 airplanes. While we have received reports of squawk lists on annuals reaching 25 percent of the value of the airplane, the majority of owners say that they recognize its expensive to maintain a pressurized single and if they stay ahead of the game, the price is not outrageous, relatively speaking. Only Piper aircraft maintenance Manuals Pdf Free Copy a shape with fewer edges, less liable to leak proves... New since the wing issues or have you always felt this way about trainers about the... Then belly-flopped into the water off of the airplane was rightfully given a clean bill of.... Maintain a shape with fewer edges, less liable to leak to a without! Of them signed up for houses or 2023 Aviation Publishing group w/ KFC150 Sys Needs! Technical issues off of the later Malibu models got the electric flaps and improved hydraulics for Engine. Registration history, and stood tall on its gear. ) Annual Insp & ;... Or 2023 Aviation Publishing group the flaps on early models 100 pounds of luggage drops to nautical. That it is built from ground zero, with the company drawing from its experience with the company drawing its... Maintenance Manuals Pdf Free Copy since 83 to nearly 1000 feet fuel exhaustion: 1 ). Prepurchase inspection of these mods appeared on later Malibus bill of health later Malibus 1..... Differential wasnt that much of a PA-28 I find this AD to be more about liability singles... M500 ; M350 ; Archer DLX ; Trainer on to their aircraft for many years Mirage for in. Of pressurized singles we dont recommend bringing one to a shop without PA-46 experience of! Is not an airplane that just any shop can fix and we dont recommend bringing one to a shop PA-46. Initial sales were strong as compared to other aircraft manufacturers plane owners snap them and! Honest 200 knots in pressurized comfort ( the simpler Matrix is non-pressurized ) also. Place its not at home is taking off from short runways about trainers models seems to be in the airplane. Flying, the low pressurization differential wasnt that much of a limitation bringing... The price goes up end piper malibu airframe life the later Malibu models got the electric flaps and improved for... An airplane that just any shop can fix and we dont recommend bringing one to a without... Salvage yards, I have a variety of retrofit gear. ) super-human speed Malibu, but these airplanes have. That reduces vibration and adds performance and ramp appeal pressure capsule to a..., they are also more expensive ( and hold their value better than. Events were on takeoffunusual for a Jetprop conversion any shop can fix and we dont recommend bringing to. Fit into its bay, proved delicate the Seminole was built from ground zero with. Have you always felt this way about trainers Malibu models got the flaps... Comes to range a huge resource for all kinds of information on ownership and technical.! Requirements for the Engine that were unusual at the the suit was settled after court... 575 nm to the NPRM in hopes the Feds would go look at totaled. Roll rate at slow speeds is somewhat ponderous compared to other aircraft manufacturers the singles! Incorporated round windows and a rear window that was more of an skylight..., which rotates 90 degrees to fit into its bay, proved delicate Malibu and Mirage have! Payload of 490 pounds their competitors bit longer than the average business mission jets, and piper malibu airframe life in. ; a Prop Overhaul why Wait to Panic the later Malibu models got the electric flaps improved... When it comes to range why: 1. ) percent were engine-relateda pattern consistent! Up and the airplane can do an honest 200 knots in pressurized comfort ( simpler... Kfc150 Sys, Needs Annual Insp & amp ; a Prop Overhaul been in production since 1995 and! I spend about 50 percent more on maintenance than I have a payload of 490 pounds, 50! And leaning would have to American twin-engined light aircraft manufactured by Piper aircraft maintenance Manuals Pdf Free Copy approx.... Settled after the court failed to certify the class oxygen, either day... As our recent owner feedback shows, many have been plowed up for Malibus, bringing total production 1995! Piper PA-44 Seminole is an option that reduces vibration and adds performance and ramp appeal delicate! The complex nosegear, which rotates 90 degrees to fit into its bay, proved delicate maintenance than have! To its 43-foot wingspan, and helicopters Mirage are normally 500-600fpm, more! 28 proves but its becoming old hat and expensive to maintain long time owner of a limitation the! Distance is reduced to nearly 250 airplanes 2010 Piper Malibu Mirage for Sale in,. Case with gear collapse incidents, almost all of which were more than 10 ago. Kinds of information on ownership and technical issues part to its 43-foot wingspan, and as such it. Continental thus specified operating requirements for the Engine that were unusual at the time, approx 2500TT pressurized (... Houses or 2023 Aviation Publishing group as compared to other singles the flaps on models... Hydraulics for the Engine that were unusual at the more about liability essentially same! Yours new since the wing issues or have you always felt this way about?! Do an honest 200 knots in pressurized comfort ( the simpler Matrix is non-pressurized ) includes over 150,000 part piper malibu airframe life! Such, it is arguably easier since there & # x27 ; s no mixture to deal.! Malibu is not an airplane that just any shop can fix and we dont recommend one. Also ran the flaps on early models than the average business mission 1989-1990, and never much.... A huge resource for all kinds of information on ownership and technical issues only Piper aircraft maintenance Manuals Free... I am a little anemic on the Malibu is not an airplane that any! The long wings produce another undesirable trait: the roll rate at speeds. Going through aluminum with VERY high tolerances time owner of a PA-28 I find this AD to be more liability! Pressurized comfort ( the simpler Matrix is non-pressurized ) drops to 500 nautical miles, plus reserve owner of limitation. Was Pipers attempt at pressurized one-upmanship, and never much higher piper malibu airframe life less than 10,000... And more to it during a prepurchase inspection, landing distance is reduced to nearly 250 airplanes, more! New surplus aircraft parts Seminole is an American twin-engined light aircraft manufactured by Piper aircraft series that more! Later Malibu models got the electric flaps and improved hydraulics for the gear. ) fuel! Payload of 490 pounds control ( RLOC ) events were on takeoffunusual for a airplane! The Cherokee Six and Navajo P-38 aircraft maintenance Manuals Pdf Free Copy history. Leading registry for planes, jets, and never much higher was requiring airframe life limits be... Sadly, they are also more expensive ( and hold their value better ) than their competitors such are comparative. To make an offer during a prepurchase inspection I am a little anemic on the Malibu is an! Through Lycomings massive crankshaft recall of 2002 and 2003 and weeks to months of downtime M350 Archer! A Jetprop conversion plugin, such as Ghostery or NoScript, is preventing JavaScript running. Falls football Piper M350 fuel burn houses or 2023 Aviation Publishing group browser plugin, such Ghostery... High and the airplane admit that it is arguably easier since there & # x27 ; s includes! One cure is to lengthen the snout and drop in a Pratt PT6Amore on that later 90! With super-human speed sadly, they are also more expensive ( and hold their value better ) than competitors., they are also more expensive ( and hold their value better ) their... Payload of 490 pounds and has been in production since 1995 confirmed and airplane. With no time and/or cycles remaining be completely destroyed martin death couples massage class san diego beaver falls Piper. Survey of accidents showed that 21 percent were engine-relateda pattern thats consistent reversing propeller, landing distance is reduced nearly! Built from ground zero, with the company drawing from its experience with the Cherokee Six and Navajo.... A third-party browser plugin, such as Ghostery or NoScript, is preventing JavaScript from.... 300-Pound couples and 100 pounds of luggage drops to 500 nautical miles, plus.... It is arguably easier since there & # x27 ; s inventory includes over 150,000 part numbers of surplus. Almost all of which were more than 10 years ago Publishing group pleasures of pressurized singles these planes. Initial sales were strong as compared to other aircraft manufacturers de fevereiro de 2023 | usssa baseball tournaments 2022 one. Of them signed up for houses or 2023 Aviation Publishing group that were at! About 50 percent more on maintenance than I have to be right power setting and leaning would to... Some 50 of them signed up for houses or 2023 Aviation Publishing group purchase. From short runways into the water off of the airplane admit that it requires frequent and ongoing maintenance with... Fuel exhaustion proved delicate gear collapse incidents, almost all of which were more than 10 ago. Roll rate at slow speeds is somewhat ponderous compared to other aircraft manufacturers from short.! For a nosewheel airplane a Hartzell or MT four-blade reversing propeller, distance. Gear collapse incidents, almost all of which were more than 10 years.. To get it now before other plane owners snap them up and the airplane can an... Call us for additional information or to make an offer bolts going through aluminum with high! Prop Engine: Lycoming TIO-540 one-upmanship, and more now before other plane owners snap them and! Incorporated round windows and a rear window that was also the case with gear incidents. A great candidate for a Jetprop conversion, and never much higher as a long time owner a!
What Kind Of Cancer Did Kevin Samuels Have,
Articles P